Limits and colimits #
We set up the general theory of limits and colimits in a category. In this introduction we only describe the setup for limits; it is repeated, with slightly different names, for colimits.
The main structures defined in this file is
IsLimit c
, forc : Cone F
,F : J ⥤ C
, expressing thatc
is a limit cone,
See also CategoryTheory.Limits.HasLimits
which further builds:
LimitCone F
, which consists of a choice of cone forF
and the fact it is a limit cone, andHasLimit F
, asserting the mere existence of some limit cone forF
.
Implementation #
At present we simply say everything twice, in order to handle both limits and colimits.
It would be highly desirable to have some automation support,
e.g. a @[dualize]
attribute that behaves similarly to @[to_additive]
.
References #
A cone t
on F
is a limit cone if each cone on F
admits a unique
cone morphism to t
.
There is a morphism from any cone point to
t.pt
The map makes the triangle with the two natural transformations commute
- uniq (s : Cone F) (m : s.pt ⟶ t.pt) : (∀ (j : J), CategoryStruct.comp m (t.π.app j) = s.π.app j) → m = self.lift s
It is the unique such map to do this
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Given a natural transformation α : F ⟶ G
, we give a morphism from the cone point
of any cone over F
to the cone point of a limit cone over G
.
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The universal morphism from any other cone to a limit cone.
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Restating the definition of a limit cone in terms of the ∃! operator.
Noncomputably make a limit cone from the existence of unique factorizations.
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Alternative constructor for isLimit
,
providing a morphism of cones rather than a morphism between the cone points
and separately the factorisation condition.
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Limit cones on F
are unique up to isomorphism.
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Any cone morphism between limit cones is an isomorphism.
Limits of F
are unique up to isomorphism.
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Transport evidence that a cone is a limit cone across an isomorphism of cones.
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Isomorphism of cones preserves whether or not they are limiting cones.
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If the canonical morphism from a cone point to a limiting cone point is an iso, then the first cone was limiting also.
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Two morphisms into a limit are equal if their compositions with each cone morphism are equal.
Given a right adjoint functor between categories of cones, the image of a limit cone is a limit cone.
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Given two functors which have equivalent categories of cones, we can transport a limiting cone across the equivalence.
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A cone postcomposed with a natural isomorphism is a limit cone if and only if the original cone is.
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A cone postcomposed with the inverse of a natural isomorphism is a limit cone if and only if the original cone is.
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Constructing an equivalence IsLimit c ≃ IsLimit d
from a natural isomorphism
between the underlying functors, and then an isomorphism between c
transported along this and d
.
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The cone points of two limit cones for naturally isomorphic functors are themselves isomorphic.
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If s : Cone F
is a limit cone, so is s
whiskered by an equivalence e
.
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If s : Cone F
whiskered by an equivalence e
is a limit cone, so is s
.
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Given an equivalence of diagrams e
, s
is a limit cone iff s.whisker e.functor
is.
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A limit cone extended by an isomorphism is a limit cone.
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A cone is a limit cone if its extension by an isomorphism is.
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A cone is a limit cone iff its extension by an isomorphism is.
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We can prove two cone points (s : Cone F).pt
and (t : Cone G).pt
are isomorphic if
- both cones are limit cones
- their indexing categories are equivalent via some
e : J ≌ K
, - the triangle of functors commutes up to a natural isomorphism:
e.functor ⋙ G ≅ F
.
This is the most general form of uniqueness of cone points, allowing relabelling of both the indexing category (up to equivalence) and the functor (up to natural isomorphism).
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The universal property of a limit cone: a wap W ⟶ t.pt
is the same as
a cone on F
with cone point W
.
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The universal property of a limit cone: a map W ⟶ X
is the same as
a cone on F
with cone point W
.
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The limit of F
represents the functor taking W
to
the set of cones on F
with cone point W
.
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Another, more explicit, formulation of the universal property of a limit cone.
See also homIso
.
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If G : C → D is a faithful functor which sends t to a limit cone, then it suffices to check that the induced maps for the image of t can be lifted to maps of C.
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If F
and G
are naturally isomorphic, then F.mapCone c
being a limit implies
G.mapCone c
is also a limit.
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A cone is a limit cone exactly if there is a unique cone morphism from any other cone.
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If F.cones
is represented by X
, each morphism f : Y ⟶ X
gives a cone with cone point
Y
.
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If F.cones
is represented by X
, each cone s
gives a morphism s.pt ⟶ X
.
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If F.cones
is represented by X
, the cone corresponding to the identity morphism on X
will be a limit cone.
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If F.cones
is represented by X
, the cone corresponding to a morphism f : Y ⟶ X
is
the limit cone extended by f
.
If F.cones
is represented by X
, any cone is the extension of the limit cone by the
corresponding morphism.
If F.cones
is representable, then the cone corresponding to the identity morphism on
the representing object is a limit cone.
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Alias of CategoryTheory.Limits.IsLimit.ofRepresentableBy
.
If F.cones
is representable, then the cone corresponding to the identity morphism on
the representing object is a limit cone.
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Given a limit cone, F.cones
is representable by the point of the cone.
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A cocone t
on F
is a colimit cocone if each cocone on F
admits a unique
cocone morphism from t
.
t.pt
maps to all other cocone coverticesThe map
desc
makes the diagram with the natural transformations commute- uniq (s : Cocone F) (m : t.pt ⟶ s.pt) : (∀ (j : J), CategoryStruct.comp (t.ι.app j) m = s.ι.app j) → m = self.desc s
desc
is the unique such map
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Given a natural transformation α : F ⟶ G
, we give a morphism from the cocone point
of a colimit cocone over F
to the cocone point of any cocone over G
.
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The universal morphism from a colimit cocone to any other cocone.
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Restating the definition of a colimit cocone in terms of the ∃! operator.
Noncomputably make a colimit cocone from the existence of unique factorizations.
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Alternative constructor for IsColimit
,
providing a morphism of cocones rather than a morphism between the cocone points
and separately the factorisation condition.
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Colimit cocones on F
are unique up to isomorphism.
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Any cocone morphism between colimit cocones is an isomorphism.
Colimits of F
are unique up to isomorphism.
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Transport evidence that a cocone is a colimit cocone across an isomorphism of cocones.
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Isomorphism of cocones preserves whether or not they are colimiting cocones.
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If the canonical morphism to a cocone point from a colimiting cocone point is an iso, then the first cocone was colimiting also.
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Two morphisms out of a colimit are equal if their compositions with each cocone morphism are equal.
Given a left adjoint functor between categories of cocones, the image of a colimit cocone is a colimit cocone.
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Given two functors which have equivalent categories of cocones, we can transport a colimiting cocone across the equivalence.
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A cocone precomposed with a natural isomorphism is a colimit cocone if and only if the original cocone is.
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A cocone precomposed with the inverse of a natural isomorphism is a colimit cocone if and only if the original cocone is.
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Constructing an equivalence is_colimit c ≃ is_colimit d
from a natural isomorphism
between the underlying functors, and then an isomorphism between c
transported along this and d
.
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The cocone points of two colimit cocones for naturally isomorphic functors are themselves isomorphic.
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If s : Cocone F
is a colimit cocone, so is s
whiskered by an equivalence e
.
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If s : Cocone F
whiskered by an equivalence e
is a colimit cocone, so is s
.
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Given an equivalence of diagrams e
, s
is a colimit cocone iff s.whisker e.functor
is.
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A colimit cocone extended by an isomorphism is a colimit cocone.
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A cocone is a colimit cocone if its extension by an isomorphism is.
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A cocone is a colimit cocone iff its extension by an isomorphism is.
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We can prove two cocone points (s : Cocone F).pt
and (t : Cocone G).pt
are isomorphic if
- both cocones are colimit cocones
- their indexing categories are equivalent via some
e : J ≌ K
, - the triangle of functors commutes up to a natural isomorphism:
e.functor ⋙ G ≅ F
.
This is the most general form of uniqueness of cocone points, allowing relabelling of both the indexing category (up to equivalence) and the functor (up to natural isomorphism).
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The universal property of a colimit cocone: a map X ⟶ W
is the same as
a cocone on F
with cone point W
.
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The universal property of a colimit cocone: a map X ⟶ W
is the same as
a cocone on F
with cone point W
.
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The colimit of F
represents the functor taking W
to
the set of cocones on F
with cone point W
.
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Another, more explicit, formulation of the universal property of a colimit cocone.
See also homIso
.
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If G : C → D is a faithful functor which sends t to a colimit cocone, then it suffices to check that the induced maps for the image of t can be lifted to maps of C.
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If F
and G
are naturally isomorphic, then F.mapCocone c
being a colimit implies
G.mapCocone c
is also a colimit.
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A cocone is a colimit cocone exactly if there is a unique cocone morphism from any other cocone.
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If F.cocones
is corepresented by X
, each morphism f : X ⟶ Y
gives a cocone with cone
point Y
.
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If F.cocones
is corepresented by X
, each cocone s
gives a morphism X ⟶ s.pt
.
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Alias of CategoryTheory.Limits.IsColimit.OfNatIso.homOfCocone_coconeOfHom
.
If F.cocones
is corepresented by X
, the cocone corresponding to the identity morphism on X
will be a colimit cocone.
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If F.cocones
is corepresented by X
, the cocone corresponding to a morphism f : Y ⟶ X
is
the colimit cocone extended by f
.
If F.cocones
is corepresented by X
, any cocone is the extension of the colimit cocone by the
corresponding morphism.
If F.cocones
is corepresentable, then the cocone corresponding to the identity morphism on
the representing object is a colimit cocone.
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Alias of CategoryTheory.Limits.IsColimit.ofCorepresentableBy
.
If F.cocones
is corepresentable, then the cocone corresponding to the identity morphism on
the representing object is a colimit cocone.
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Given a colimit cocone, F.cocones
is corepresentable by the point of the cocone.