Documentation

Mathlib.Algebra.Field.Subfield.Basic

Subfields #

Let K be a division ring, for example a field. This file concerns the "bundled" subfield type Subfield K, a type whose terms correspond to subfields of K. Note we do not require the "subfields" to be commutative, so they are really sub-division rings / skew fields. This is the preferred way to talk about subfields in mathlib. Unbundled subfields (s : Set K and IsSubfield s) are not in this file, and they will ultimately be deprecated.

We prove that subfields are a complete lattice, and that you can map (pushforward) and comap (pull back) them along ring homomorphisms.

We define the closure construction from Set K to Subfield K, sending a subset of K to the subfield it generates, and prove that it is a Galois insertion.

Main definitions #

Notation used here:

(K : Type u) [DivisionRing K] (L : Type u) [DivisionRing L] (f g : K →+* L) (A : Subfield K) (B : Subfield L) (s : Set K)

Implementation notes #

A subfield is implemented as a subring which is closed under ⁻¹.

Lattice inclusion (e.g. and ) is used rather than set notation ( and ), although is defined as membership of a subfield's underlying set.

Tags #

subfield, subfields

theorem Subfield.list_prod_mem {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (s : Subfield K) {l : List K} :
(∀ xl, x s)l.prod s

Product of a list of elements in a subfield is in the subfield.

theorem Subfield.list_sum_mem {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (s : Subfield K) {l : List K} :
(∀ xl, x s)l.sum s

Sum of a list of elements in a subfield is in the subfield.

theorem Subfield.multiset_sum_mem {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (s : Subfield K) (m : Multiset K) :
(∀ am, a s)m.sum s

Sum of a multiset of elements in a Subfield is in the Subfield.

theorem Subfield.sum_mem {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (s : Subfield K) {ι : Type u_1} {t : Finset ι} {f : ιK} (h : ct, f c s) :
it, f i s

Sum of elements in a Subfield indexed by a Finset is in the Subfield.

top #

instance Subfield.instTop {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] :

The subfield of K containing all elements of K.

Equations
    @[simp]
    theorem Subfield.mem_top {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (x : K) :
    @[simp]

    The ring equiv between the top element of Subfield K and K.

    Equations
      Instances For

        comap #

        def Subfield.comap {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) (s : Subfield L) :

        The preimage of a subfield along a ring homomorphism is a subfield.

        Equations
          Instances For
            @[simp]
            theorem Subfield.coe_comap {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) (s : Subfield L) :
            (comap f s) = f ⁻¹' s
            @[simp]
            theorem Subfield.mem_comap {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] {s : Subfield L} {f : K →+* L} {x : K} :
            x comap f s f x s
            theorem Subfield.comap_comap {K : Type u} {L : Type v} {M : Type w} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] [DivisionRing M] (s : Subfield M) (g : L →+* M) (f : K →+* L) :
            comap f (comap g s) = comap (g.comp f) s

            map #

            def Subfield.map {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) (s : Subfield K) :

            The image of a subfield along a ring homomorphism is a subfield.

            Equations
              Instances For
                @[simp]
                theorem Subfield.coe_map {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (s : Subfield K) (f : K →+* L) :
                (map f s) = f '' s
                @[simp]
                theorem Subfield.mem_map {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] {f : K →+* L} {s : Subfield K} {y : L} :
                y map f s xs, f x = y
                theorem Subfield.map_map {K : Type u} {L : Type v} {M : Type w} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] [DivisionRing M] (s : Subfield K) (g : L →+* M) (f : K →+* L) :
                map g (map f s) = map (g.comp f) s
                theorem Subfield.map_le_iff_le_comap {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] {f : K →+* L} {s : Subfield K} {t : Subfield L} :
                map f s t s comap f t
                theorem Subfield.gc_map_comap {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) :

                range #

                def RingHom.fieldRange {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) :

                The range of a ring homomorphism, as a subfield of the target. See Note [range copy pattern].

                Equations
                  Instances For
                    @[simp]
                    theorem RingHom.coe_fieldRange {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) :
                    @[simp]
                    theorem RingHom.mem_fieldRange {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] {f : K →+* L} {y : L} :
                    y f.fieldRange ∃ (x : K), f x = y
                    theorem RingHom.map_fieldRange {K : Type u} {L : Type v} {M : Type w} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] [DivisionRing M] (g : L →+* M) (f : K →+* L) :
                    theorem RingHom.mem_fieldRange_self {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) (x : K) :
                    instance RingHom.fintypeFieldRange {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] [Fintype K] [DecidableEq L] (f : K →+* L) :

                    The range of a morphism of fields is a fintype, if the domain is a fintype.

                    Note that this instance can cause a diamond with Subtype.Fintype if L is also a fintype.

                    Equations

                      inf #

                      instance Subfield.instMin {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] :

                      The inf of two subfields is their intersection.

                      Equations
                        @[simp]
                        theorem Subfield.coe_inf {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (p p' : Subfield K) :
                        (pp') = p.carrier p'.carrier
                        @[simp]
                        theorem Subfield.mem_inf {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {p p' : Subfield K} {x : K} :
                        x pp' x p x p'
                        Equations
                          @[simp]
                          theorem Subfield.coe_sInf {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (S : Set (Subfield K)) :
                          (sInf S) = sS, s
                          theorem Subfield.mem_sInf {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {S : Set (Subfield K)} {x : K} :
                          x sInf S pS, x p
                          @[simp]
                          theorem Subfield.coe_iInf {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {ι : Sort u_1} {S : ιSubfield K} :
                          (⨅ (i : ι), S i) = ⋂ (i : ι), (S i)
                          theorem Subfield.mem_iInf {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {ι : Sort u_1} {S : ιSubfield K} {x : K} :
                          x ⨅ (i : ι), S i ∀ (i : ι), x S i
                          @[simp]
                          theorem Subfield.sInf_toSubring {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (s : Set (Subfield K)) :
                          (sInf s).toSubring = ts, t.toSubring
                          theorem Subfield.isGLB_sInf {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (S : Set (Subfield K)) :
                          IsGLB S (sInf S)

                          Subfields of a ring form a complete lattice.

                          Equations

                            subfield closure of a subset #

                            def Subfield.closure {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (s : Set K) :

                            The Subfield generated by a set.

                            Equations
                              Instances For
                                theorem Subfield.mem_closure {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {x : K} {s : Set K} :
                                x closure s ∀ (S : Subfield K), s Sx S
                                @[simp]
                                theorem Subfield.subset_closure {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {s : Set K} :
                                s (closure s)

                                The subfield generated by a set includes the set.

                                theorem Subfield.mem_closure_of_mem {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {s : Set K} {x : K} (hx : x s) :
                                theorem Subfield.notMem_of_notMem_closure {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {s : Set K} {P : K} (hP : Pclosure s) :
                                Ps
                                @[deprecated Subfield.notMem_of_notMem_closure (since := "2025-05-23")]
                                theorem Subfield.not_mem_of_not_mem_closure {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {s : Set K} {P : K} (hP : Pclosure s) :
                                Ps

                                Alias of Subfield.notMem_of_notMem_closure.

                                @[simp]
                                theorem Subfield.closure_le {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {s : Set K} {t : Subfield K} :
                                closure s t s t

                                A subfield t includes closure s if and only if it includes s.

                                theorem Subfield.closure_mono {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] s t : Set K (h : s t) :

                                Subfield closure of a set is monotone in its argument: if s ⊆ t, then closure s ≤ closure t.

                                theorem Subfield.closure_eq_of_le {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {s : Set K} {t : Subfield K} (h₁ : s t) (h₂ : t closure s) :
                                theorem Subfield.closure_induction {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {s : Set K} {p : (x : K) → x closure sProp} (mem : ∀ (x : K) (hx : x s), p x ) (one : p 1 ) (add : ∀ (x y : K) (hx : x closure s) (hy : y closure s), p x hxp y hyp (x + y) ) (neg : ∀ (x : K) (hx : x closure s), p x hxp (-x) ) (inv : ∀ (x : K) (hx : x closure s), p x hxp x⁻¹ ) (mul : ∀ (x y : K) (hx : x closure s) (hy : y closure s), p x hxp y hyp (x * y) ) {x : K} (h : x closure s) :
                                p x h

                                An induction principle for closure membership. If p holds for 1, and all elements of s, and is preserved under addition, negation, and multiplication, then p holds for all elements of the closure of s.

                                closure forms a Galois insertion with the coercion to set.

                                Equations
                                  Instances For
                                    @[simp]
                                    theorem Subfield.closure_eq {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (s : Subfield K) :
                                    closure s = s

                                    Closure of a subfield S equals S.

                                    theorem Subfield.closure_union {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (s t : Set K) :
                                    closure (s t) = closure sclosure t
                                    theorem Subfield.closure_iUnion {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {ι : Sort u_1} (s : ιSet K) :
                                    closure (⋃ (i : ι), s i) = ⨆ (i : ι), closure (s i)
                                    theorem Subfield.closure_sUnion {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] (s : Set (Set K)) :
                                    closure (⋃₀ s) = ts, closure t
                                    theorem Subfield.map_sup {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (s t : Subfield K) (f : K →+* L) :
                                    map f (st) = map f smap f t
                                    theorem Subfield.map_iSup {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] {ι : Sort u_1} (f : K →+* L) (s : ιSubfield K) :
                                    map f (iSup s) = ⨆ (i : ι), map f (s i)
                                    theorem Subfield.map_inf {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (s t : Subfield K) (f : K →+* L) :
                                    map f (st) = map f smap f t
                                    theorem Subfield.map_iInf {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] {ι : Sort u_1} [Nonempty ι] (f : K →+* L) (s : ιSubfield K) :
                                    map f (iInf s) = ⨅ (i : ι), map f (s i)
                                    theorem Subfield.comap_inf {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (s t : Subfield L) (f : K →+* L) :
                                    comap f (st) = comap f scomap f t
                                    theorem Subfield.comap_iInf {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] {ι : Sort u_1} (f : K →+* L) (s : ιSubfield L) :
                                    comap f (iInf s) = ⨅ (i : ι), comap f (s i)
                                    @[simp]
                                    theorem Subfield.map_bot {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) :
                                    @[simp]
                                    theorem Subfield.comap_top {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) :
                                    theorem Subfield.mem_iSup_of_directed {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {ι : Sort u_1} [ : Nonempty ι] {S : ιSubfield K} (hS : Directed (fun (x1 x2 : Subfield K) => x1 x2) S) {x : K} :
                                    x ⨆ (i : ι), S i ∃ (i : ι), x S i

                                    The underlying set of a non-empty directed sSup of subfields is just a union of the subfields. Note that this fails without the directedness assumption (the union of two subfields is typically not a subfield)

                                    theorem Subfield.coe_iSup_of_directed {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {ι : Sort u_1} [ : Nonempty ι] {S : ιSubfield K} (hS : Directed (fun (x1 x2 : Subfield K) => x1 x2) S) :
                                    (⨆ (i : ι), S i) = ⋃ (i : ι), (S i)
                                    theorem Subfield.mem_sSup_of_directedOn {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {S : Set (Subfield K)} (Sne : S.Nonempty) (hS : DirectedOn (fun (x1 x2 : Subfield K) => x1 x2) S) {x : K} :
                                    x sSup S sS, x s
                                    theorem Subfield.coe_sSup_of_directedOn {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {S : Set (Subfield K)} (Sne : S.Nonempty) (hS : DirectedOn (fun (x1 x2 : Subfield K) => x1 x2) S) :
                                    (sSup S) = sS, s
                                    def RingHom.rangeRestrictField {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) :

                                    Restriction of a ring homomorphism to its range interpreted as a subfield.

                                    Equations
                                      Instances For
                                        @[simp]
                                        theorem RingHom.coe_rangeRestrictField {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) (x : K) :
                                        (f.rangeRestrictField x) = f x
                                        noncomputable def RingHom.rangeRestrictFieldEquiv {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) :

                                        RingHom.rangeRestrictField as a RingEquiv.

                                        Equations
                                          Instances For
                                            @[simp]
                                            theorem RingHom.rangeRestrictFieldEquiv_apply_coe {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) (a : K) :
                                            def RingHom.eqLocusField {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {L : Type v} [Semiring L] (f g : K →+* L) :

                                            The subfield of elements x : R such that f x = g x, i.e., the equalizer of f and g as a subfield of R

                                            Equations
                                              Instances For
                                                theorem RingHom.eqOn_field_closure {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {L : Type v} [Semiring L] {f g : K →+* L} {s : Set K} (h : Set.EqOn (⇑f) (⇑g) s) :
                                                Set.EqOn f g (Subfield.closure s)

                                                If two ring homomorphisms are equal on a set, then they are equal on its subfield closure.

                                                theorem RingHom.eq_of_eqOn_subfield_top {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {L : Type v} [Semiring L] {f g : K →+* L} (h : Set.EqOn f g ) :
                                                f = g
                                                theorem RingHom.eq_of_eqOn_of_field_closure_eq_top {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {L : Type v} [Semiring L] {s : Set K} (hs : Subfield.closure s = ) {f g : K →+* L} (h : Set.EqOn (⇑f) (⇑g) s) :
                                                f = g
                                                theorem RingHom.map_field_closure {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) (s : Set K) :

                                                The image under a ring homomorphism of the subfield generated by a set equals the subfield generated by the image of the set.

                                                def Subfield.inclusion {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {S T : Subfield K} (h : S T) :
                                                S →+* T

                                                The ring homomorphism associated to an inclusion of subfields.

                                                Equations
                                                  Instances For
                                                    def RingEquiv.subfieldCongr {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {s t : Subfield K} (h : s = t) :
                                                    s ≃+* t

                                                    Makes the identity isomorphism from a proof two subfields of a multiplicative monoid are equal.

                                                    Equations
                                                      Instances For
                                                        theorem Subfield.closure_preimage_le {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) (s : Set L) :
                                                        closure (f ⁻¹' s) comap f (closure s)
                                                        theorem Subfield.multiset_prod_mem {K : Type u} [Field K] (s : Subfield K) (m : Multiset K) :
                                                        (∀ am, a s)m.prod s

                                                        Product of a multiset of elements in a subfield is in the subfield.

                                                        theorem Subfield.prod_mem {K : Type u} [Field K] (s : Subfield K) {ι : Type u_1} {t : Finset ι} {f : ιK} (h : ct, f c s) :
                                                        it, f i s

                                                        Product of elements of a subfield indexed by a Finset is in the subfield.

                                                        instance Subfield.toAlgebra {K : Type u} [Field K] (s : Subfield K) :
                                                        Algebra (↥s) K
                                                        Equations
                                                          theorem Subfield.mem_closure_iff {K : Type u} [Field K] {s : Set K} {x : K} :
                                                          x closure s ySubring.closure s, zSubring.closure s, y / z = x
                                                          theorem Subfield.map_comap_eq {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) (s : Subfield L) :
                                                          map f (comap f s) = sf.fieldRange
                                                          theorem Subfield.map_comap_eq_self {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] {f : K →+* L} {s : Subfield L} (h : s f.fieldRange) :
                                                          map f (comap f s) = s
                                                          theorem Subfield.map_comap_eq_self_of_surjective {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] {f : K →+* L} (hf : Function.Surjective f) (s : Subfield L) :
                                                          map f (comap f s) = s
                                                          theorem Subfield.comap_map {K : Type u} {L : Type v} [DivisionRing K] [DivisionRing L] (f : K →+* L) (s : Subfield K) :
                                                          comap f (map f s) = s

                                                          Actions by Subfields #

                                                          These are just copies of the definitions about Subsemiring starting from Subsemiring.MulAction.

                                                          instance Subfield.instSMulSubtypeMem {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {X : Type u_1} [SMul K X] (F : Subfield K) :
                                                          SMul (↥F) X

                                                          The action by a subfield is the action by the underlying field.

                                                          Equations
                                                            theorem Subfield.smul_def {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {X : Type u_1} [SMul K X] {F : Subfield K} (g : F) (m : X) :
                                                            g m = g m
                                                            instance Subfield.smulCommClass_left {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {X : Type u_2} {Y : Type u_1} [SMul K Y] [SMul X Y] [SMulCommClass K X Y] (F : Subfield K) :
                                                            SMulCommClass (↥F) X Y
                                                            instance Subfield.smulCommClass_right {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {X : Type u_1} {Y : Type u_2} [SMul X Y] [SMul K Y] [SMulCommClass X K Y] (F : Subfield K) :
                                                            SMulCommClass X (↥F) Y
                                                            instance Subfield.instIsScalarTowerSubtypeMem {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {X : Type u_1} {Y : Type u_2} [SMul X Y] [SMul K X] [SMul K Y] [IsScalarTower K X Y] (F : Subfield K) :
                                                            IsScalarTower (↥F) X Y

                                                            Note that this provides IsScalarTower F K K which is needed by smul_mul_assoc.

                                                            instance Subfield.instFaithfulSMulSubtypeMem {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {X : Type u_1} [SMul K X] [FaithfulSMul K X] (F : Subfield K) :
                                                            FaithfulSMul (↥F) X
                                                            instance Subfield.instMulActionSubtypeMem {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {X : Type u_1} [MulAction K X] (F : Subfield K) :
                                                            MulAction (↥F) X

                                                            The action by a subfield is the action by the underlying field.

                                                            Equations

                                                              The action by a subfield is the action by the underlying field.

                                                              Equations

                                                                The action by a subfield is the action by the underlying field.

                                                                Equations
                                                                  instance Subfield.instSMulWithZeroSubtypeMem {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {X : Type u_1} [Zero X] [SMulWithZero K X] (F : Subfield K) :
                                                                  SMulWithZero (↥F) X

                                                                  The action by a subfield is the action by the underlying field.

                                                                  Equations

                                                                    The action by a subfield is the action by the underlying field.

                                                                    Equations
                                                                      instance Subfield.instModuleSubtypeMem {K : Type u} [DivisionRing K] {X : Type u_1} [AddCommMonoid X] [Module K X] (F : Subfield K) :
                                                                      Module (↥F) X

                                                                      The action by a subfield is the action by the underlying field.

                                                                      Equations

                                                                        The action by a subfield is the action by the underlying field.

                                                                        Equations